'In logic, reductio ad absurdum (Latin for '"reduction to absurdity"')...is the form of argument that attempts to establish a claim by showing that the opposite scenario would lead to absurdity or contradiction.'Classic rhetorical examples include:
'There is no smallest positive rational number because, if there were, then it could be divided by two to get a smaller one.'A modern example:
'Olive oil on your salad is not going to make you fat, otherwise people on the Mediterranean would all be morbidly obese.'In literature, this rhetorical technique commonly manifests itself in a writer adopting an absurd article of rhetoric or worldview, and playing it out over the course of a passage or text to its absurd logical conclusion.
'...words of one of his own countrymen, Don Felix Pacheco, as reported by Captain George Carleton, in his "Military Memoirs from 1672 to 1713." ... "it was next to an impossibility for a man to walk the streets with any delight or without danger. There were seen so many cavaliers prancing and curvetting before the windows of their mistresses, that a stranger would have imagined the whole nation to have been nothing less than a race of knight-errants"'An introductory note describes Don Quixote as:
'a tale setting forth the ludicrous results that might be expected to follow the attempt of a crazy gentleman to act the part of a knight-errant in modern life.'An early example of such socially noxious conduct occurs when the then-aspiring knight, for the business of ceremonially 'watching' his armour - some part of the ritual of being knighted - chooses as a spot a trough which the inn's peasant guests require for the watering of their animals. When the peasants take exception to the obstruction of this essential utility, Don Quixote interprets this as a villainous attack on his armour, and behaves accordingly:
'Meanwhile one of the carriers who were in the inn thought fit to water his team, and it was necessary to remove Don Quixote's armour as it lay on the trough; but he seeing the other approach hailed him in a loud voice, "O thou, whoever thou art, rash knight that comest to lay hands on the armour of the most valorous errant that ever girt on sword, have a care what thou dost; touch it not unless thou wouldst lay down thy life as the penalty of thy rashness." The carrier gave no heed to these words (and he would have done better to heed them if he had been heedful of his health), but seizing it by the straps flung the armour some distance from him. Seeing this, Don Quixote raised his eyes to heaven, and fixing his thoughts, apparently, upon his lady Dulcinea, exclaimed, "Aid me, lady mine, in this the first encounter that presents itself to this breast which thou holdest in subjection; let not thy favour and protection fail me in this first jeopardy;" and, with these words and others to the same purpose, dropping his buckler he lifted his lance with both hands and with it smote such a blow on the carrier's head that he stretched him on the ground, so stunned that had he followed it up with a second there would have been no need of a surgeon to cure him. This done, he picked up his armour and returned to his beat with the same serenity as before.'The whole novel is essentially a longform satirical experiment in playing the above ludicrousness out, ad absurdum, and is well worth the attention of any aspiring satirist.
'George Wittkowsky argued that Swift's main target in A Modest Proposal was not the conditions in Ireland, but rather the can-do spirit of the times that led people to devise a number of illogical schemes that would purportedly solve social and economic ills.[2] Swift was especially attacking projects that tried to fix population and labour issues with a simple cure-all solution.[3] A memorable example of these sorts of schemes "involved the idea of running the poor through a joint-stock company".[3] In response, Swift's Modest Proposal was "a burlesque of projects concerning the poor"[4] that were in vogue during the early 18th century.'Some extracts which caricature the pompous, deadpan mathematical logic of contemporary rhetorical pamphleteering are as follows:
'A Modest Proposal also targets the calculating way people perceived the poor in designing their projects. The pamphlet targets reformers who "regard people as commodities".[5] In the piece, Swift adopts the "technique of a political arithmetician"[6] to show the utter ridiculousness of trying to prove any proposal with dispassionate statistics.'
'I have reckoned upon a medium, that a child just born will weigh 12 pounds, and in a solar year, if tolerably nursed, encreaseth to 28 pounds.'
…
'I have already computed the charge of nursing a beggar's child (in which list I reckon all cottagers, labourers, and four-fifths of the farmers) to be about two shillings per annum, rags included; and I believe no gentleman would repine to give ten shillings for the carcass of a good fat child, which, as I have said, will make four dishes of excellent nutritive meat, when he hath only some particular friend, or his own family to dine with him. Thus the squire will learn to be a good landlord, and grow popular among his tenants, the mother will have eight shillings neat profit, and be fit for work till she produces another child.'
'Voltaire actively rejected Leibnizian optimism after the natural disaster, convinced that if this were the best possible world, it should surely be better than it is. In both Candide and Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne ("Poem on the Lisbon Disaster"), Voltaire attacks this optimist belief. He makes use of the Lisbon earthquake in both Candide and his Poème to argue this point, sarcastically describing the catastrophe as one of the most horrible disasters "in the best of all possible worlds"'How Voltaire plays out the logic of Optimism ad absurdum is best illustrated by the various repetitions of the phrase 'all is for the best in the best of all possible worlds', confronting the reader with the insane prospect that such events be considered compatible with such a world:
'The entertainment began by a discharge of cannon, which, in the twinkling of an eye, laid flat about 6,000 men on each side. The musket bullets swept away, out of the best of all possible worlds, nine or ten thousand scoundrels that infested its surface. The bayonet was next the sufficient reason of the deaths of several thousands. The whole might amount to thirty thousand souls. Candide trembled like a philosopher, and concealed himself as well as he could during this heroic butchery.'
...
'Candide fainted away, and Pangloss fetched him some water from a neighboring spring. The next day, in searching among the ruins, they found some eatables with which they repaired their exhausted strength.After this they assisted the inhabitants in relieving the distressed and wounded. Some, whom they had humanely assisted, gave them as good a dinner as could be expected under such terrible circumstances. The repast, indeed, was mournful, and the company moistened their bread with their tears; but Pangloss endeavored to comfort them under this affliction by affirming that things could not be otherwise that they were.
'“For,” said he, “all this is for the very best end, for if there is a volcano at Lisbon it could be in no other spot; and it is impossible but things should be as they are, for everything is for the best.”'
'...and the German practitioner of Technological Medicine who removed his appendix with a rusty can opener and a pair of tin snips (he considered the germ theory "a nonsense"). Flushed with success he then began snipping and cutting out everything in sight: "The human body is filled up vit unnecessitated parts. You can get by vit vone kidney. Vy have two? Yes dot is a kidney … The inside parts should not be so close in together crowded. They need Lebensraum like the Vaterland."'We will shortly touch on another Burroughs example, but must make a brief aside to introduce the concept of the 'bolero structure'.
...
Meeting of International Conference of Technological Psychiatry
'Doctor "Fingers" Schafer, the Lobotomy Kid, rises and turns on the Conference the cold blue blast of his gaze:
'"Gentlemen, the human nervous system can be reduced to a compact and abbreviated spinal column. The brain, front, middle and rear must follow the adenoid, the wisdom tooth, the appendix … I give you my master work: The Complete All American Deanxietized Man …"
...
'Schafer is not listening. "You know," he says impulsively, "I think I'll go back to plain old-fashioned surgery. The human body is scandalously inefficient. Instead of a mouth and an abyss to get out of order why not have one all-purpose hole to eat and eliminate? We could seal up nose and mouth, fill in the stomach, make an air hole direct into the lungs where it should have been in the first place …"
'BENWAY: "Why not one all-purpose blob? Did I ever tell you about the man who taught his asshole to talk? ..."' Full routine for the interested.
'Steve Harvey: "We asked 100 people, what is the male reproductive organ?" Contestant: "The penis" SH: "A WUH... HUH??" audience erupts into laughter Steve Harvey grabs onto podium to support himself laughter gets even louder SH: O lordy... one man goes into cardiac arrest and many others begin vomiting profusely from laughing too hard SH: YOU PEOPLE NEED HELP the Earth shatters and Satan rises from the underworld to claim unworthy souls the universe begins rapidly closing in on itself SH: (putting on a weary voice) Survey says... the board shows 100 for "penis" Harvey is able to get off one more shocked look before existence as we know it comes to an end.'It is also abundant in skit comedy, including much of Tim & Eric's work, as we will see below.
'I am passing room 10 they moved me out of yesterday … Maternity case J assume … Bedpans full of blood and Kotex and nameless female substances, enough to pollute a continent … If someone comes to visit me in my old room he will think I gave birth to s monster and the State Department is trying to hush it up …This format runs parallel to reductio ad absurdum, but is distinct from it in that it does not necessarily seek to disprove an argument, merely to demonstrate the ridiculousness of its subject matter via hyperbole. In this case, Burroughs uses the initial impression of the State Department trying to hush up the fact of a male citizen having given birth as synecdoche for his contemporary America's desperate attempts to downplay its own ugly realities, and incorporates these realities - colonial history, homosexuality, and as is implicit in the final explosion - and clearer with reference to other passages featuring The Technician - the atomic bomb.
'Music from I Am an American … An elderly man in the striped pants and cutaway of a diplomat stands on a platform draped with an American flag. A decayed, corseted tenor--bursting out of a Daniel Boone costume--is singing "The Star-Spangled Banner," accompanied by a full orchestra. He sings with a slight lisp …
'THE DIPLOMAT (reading from a great scroll of ticker tape that keeps growing and tangling around his feet): "And we categorically deny that any male citizen of the United States of America …"
'TENOR: "Oh thay can you thee …" His voice breaks and shoots up to a high falsetto.
'In the control room the Technician mixes a bicarbonate of soda and belches into his hand: "God damned tenor's a brown artist!" he mutters sourly. "Mike! rumph," the shout ends in a belch. "Cut that swish fart off the air and give him his purple slip. He's through as of right now … Put in that sex-chanhed Liz athlete … She's a full-time tenor at least … Costume! How in the fuck should I know? I'm no dr de designer swish from the costume department! What's that? The entire costume department occluded as a security risk? What am I, an octopus? Let's see … How about an Indian routine? Pocahontas or Hiawatha? … No, that's not right. Some citizen cracks wise about giving it back to the Indians … A Civil War uniform, the coat North and the pants South like it show they got together again? She can come on like Buffalo Bill or Paul Revere or that citizen wouldn't give up the shit, I mean the ship, or a GI or a Doughboy or the Unknown Soldier … That's the best deal … Cover her with a monument, that way nobody has to look at her …"
'The Lesbian, concealed in a papier-mâché Arc de Triomphe, fills her great lungs and looses a tremendous bellow.
'Oh say do that Star-Spangled Banner yet wave …"
'A great rent rips the Arc de Triomphe from top to bottom. The Diplomat puts a hand to his forehead …
'THE DIPLOMAT: "That any make citizen of the United States has given birth in Interzone or at any other place …"
'"O'er the land of the FREEEEEEEEEE …"
'The Diplomat's mouth is moving but no one can hear him. The Technician clasps his hand over his ears: "Mother of God!" he screams. His plate begins to vibrate like a Jew's harp, suddenly flies out of his mouth … He snaps at it irritably, misses and covers his mouth with one hand.
'The Arc Dr Triomphe falls with a ripping, splintering crash, reveals the Lesbian standing on a pedestal clad only in a leopard-skin jockstrap with enormous falsie basket … She stands there smiling stupidly and flexing her huge muscles … The Technician is crawling around on the control room floor looking for his plate and shouting unintelligible orders: "Thess thupper thonic!! Thut ur oth thu thair!"
'THE DIPLOMAT (wiping sweat from his brow): "To any creature of any type or description …"
*'"And the home of the brave."
'The Diplomat's face is grey. He staggers, trips in the scroll, sags against the rail, blood pouring from eyes, nose and mouth, dying of cerebral hemorrhage.
'THE DIPLOMAT (barely audible): "The Department denies … un-American … It's been destroyed … I mean it never was … Categor …" Dies.
'In the Control Room instrument panels are blowing out … Great streamers of electricity crackle through the room … The Technician, naked, his body burned black, staggers about like a figure in Götterdämmerung, screaming: "Thubber thonic!! Oth thu thair!!!" A final blast reduces the Technician to a cinder.'
"I just need one more bump!"The former skit anticipates the fixation with gambling-originated audio-visual reward cues in the development of tackier PC, console and mobile games, particularly those marketed to children.
'AMERICAN HOUSEWIFE: (opening a box of Lux): "Why don't it have an electric eye the box open when it see me and hand itself to the Automat Handy Man he should put it in a water already … The Handy Man is outa control since Thursday, he been getting physical with me and I didn't put it in his combination at all … And the Garbage Disposal Unit snapping at me, and the nasty old Mixmaster keep trying to get up under my dress … I got the most awful cold, and my intestines is all constipated … I'm gone*** put it in the Handy Man's combination he should administer me a high colonic awready.'*Of the three Cinco products, the Super Seat is perhaps the most recognisable as relating to a real product category, though it's worth noting that various highly dubious tanning 'solutions' do currently exist.
...
'"It was K.E. put out the Octopus Kit for Massage Parlours, Barber Shops and Turkish Baths, with which you can administer a high colonic, an unethical massage, a shampoo, whilst cutting the client's toenails and removing his blackheads. And the M.D.'s Can Do Kit for busy practitioners will take out your appendix, tuck in a hernia, pull out a wisdom tooth, ectomize your piles and circumcise you. Well, K.E. is such an atomic salesman if he runs out of Octopus Kits he is subject, by sheer charge, to sell an M.D. Can Do to a barber shop and some citizen wakes up with his piles cut out …'
"And I strongly suspect that when this revolution takes place, art will no longer be distinguished by its rarity, or its expense, or its inaccessibility, or the extraordinary way in which it is marketed, it will be the prerogative of all of us, and we will do it as those artists did whom Freud understood not at all, the artists who made the Cathedral of Chartres, or the mosaics of Byzantium, the artists who had no Ego, and no name." - Germaine Greer Town Bloody Hall.I don't think that when Greer said this what she thought she meant was:
'Hey guys, did you know that in terms of male human and female Pokémon breeding, Vaporeon is the most compatible Pokémon for humans? Not only are they in the field egg group, which is mostly comprised of mammals, Vaporeon are an average of 3"03' tall and 63.9 pounds. this means they're large enough to be able to handle human dicks, and with their impressive Base Stats for HP and access to Acid Armor, you can be rough with one. Due to their mostly water based biology, there's no doubt in my mind that an aroused Vaporeon would be incredibly wet, so wet that you could easily have sex with one for hours without getting sore. They can also learn the moves Attract, Baby-Doll Eyes, Captivate, Charm, and Tail Whip, along with not having fur to hide nipples, so it'd be incredibly easy for one to get you in the mood. With their abilities Water Absorb and Hydration, they can easily recover from fatigue with enough water. No other Pokémon comes close to this level of compatibility. Also, fun fact, if you pull out enough, you can make your Vaporeon turn white'However, she appears to have been thoroughly prescient as regards the democratisation of certain varieties of art. Whether this has necessitated in a transformation of what 'art' is, and whether or not such a transformation represents a quantitative degeneration, or qualitative perversion, is outside the scope of this already inexcusably long essay.
'Let's say, you've been a bad girl. Let's say, hypothetically, you've been a naughty girl even. Ok, and if you were a naughty girl you would also be my dirty little slut right? Then hypothetically speaking you would be my little cumslut. Now; let's say that you're also daddy's girl. Now that we've established you're both a bad girl and daddy's girl, then I believe you'd agree with me when I say you deserve a spanking. Am I not correct? A bad girl deserves a spanking, and as I am daddy; you are my girl, so I am the one who must provide punishment.'Early examples of these pieces play around a demonstration that Shapiro's argument style is tenuous since it can be used to 'prove' absurd points with just as much soundness as believable ones - i.e. none. More recent examples, like the Smash Mouth All Star one, use these now-familiar format as the backbone of a meme, parodying its tokenistic intellectual jargon by applying it to what is obviously not a logical argument.
...
'Now, lets say, hypothetically, that somebody once told me that the world would proceed to roll me, and made the claim that I was not, the smartest tool in the shed. Which would lead us to look at the facts and see that she was looking kind of dumb, due to the fact that she had placed her finger and her thumb, in the shape of the letter L, located on her forehead. This would mean that the years would start coming, and logically wont stop coming, that I was, hypothetically, fed to the rules, which would proceed with me hitting the ground running. Which didn’t make sense, to live for fun, in a way that your brain gets smart, yet your head gets dumb, seeing as there’s so much to do, and so much to see, so now I must pose the question, what is wrong with taking the backseat? This is due to the fact that you’ll never know if you don’t go, nor you will shine if you don’t glow. For you see, you are, at this moment, an All-Star, so get your game on, and proceed to go play, indeed, you’re an All-Star, get the show on, which would entitled you to get paid. That would mean that all that glitters, is indeed gold, and that only shooting stars, can participate in the process of breaking the mold.'
'Hello, fellow homosexuals. It is us, [MULTI-BILLION DOLLAR CORPORATION]. Here to remind you that we support your lifestyle now that it has been federally legalised and it is completely socially safe, allowing for us to capitalise on your existence now it's mainstream. Look, we even changed the colours of [LOGO]! Why did we wait this long to come out and 'support' you? Haha, no more questions, homosexual. Buy our product. Buy our product. BUY OUR PRODUCT.'This is the logical outcome of applying the ingenuous tone of corporate support for progressive issues with their conspicuous lack of support for the same issues when they were at a more vulnerable stage. The suggestion is that if one is to perceive corporate progressivism as sincere, one must accept that for unstated reasons, presumably cowardice, corporates choose not to adopt these practices until they become mainstream, this being of similar plausibility to the alternative hypothesis that progressivism simply now adds value to a brand.
'A procession of TV chefs await judgement on their food. The first of them takes two polite steps up onto a raised plateau before a panel of minor celebrities at a three-place dining table decked with chequered red bistro cloth. The ranking panelist has delivered their preliminary summary of the contestant's menu, as well as a narrative of their endeavours, and is preparing to pass sentence. We are anticipating two and a half minutes of cuts to faces, food and furniture before the score swells from a blend of NASA-pre-launch-countdown and sneak themes into despair or reconciliation harmony as the revelation is made.
'All these shots are indeed presented, but compressed into a single second's runtime, after which the judge delivers a concise and helpful assessment of the food.
'"Thank you Chef." [Departs]
'The next contestant steps meekly up. As the judge begins to summarise, her monologue speeds up beyond comprehensibility, the cuts to faces, food and flashback are strobed through, the chef judged and dismissed in the course of a half-second - the audio slowing as she departs from the stand just enough to make audible her helium-pitched "Thank you Chef".
'White VHS fast-forward lines begin to tear across the shot as the queue of three remaining chefs are suctioned almost simultaneously up to the podium, their individual retrospectives coalescing into a single sequence of almost superimposed images, and drawn immediately off-set by the merciless current of accelerated time.
'The perspective cuts to that of a boom-mounted camera tracking backwards over the heads of the audience, whose babbling pitches up to a note of urgent complaint as they are magnetised out of the space like iron filings and replaced with an identical crowd and a cast of interchangeable chefs is processed in seconds, dismissed, and relieved by another. As the camera reaches the back corner of the seating area, the shot slips out the back of it through its workings and recedes up and away from the boom crane over the isometrically-oriented set.
'Chefs and audience are now arriving and departing in continuous flow, as the widening shot reveals a procession of 1940s German steam engines discharging batches of cast and crowd backstage-right. Backstage-left the retired cast are stripped and dismantled by multiarmed factory machines; incinerated in a conveyor-belt procession of coffins now resembling a time-lapse shot of a highway. Sound-effects of industrial chaos.
'Alternative sets are now visible in an animated polyptych of Inferno, booms windscreen-wiping over the sets, generations of cast and audience discharged by an elaborate network of heavy and light rail, busses, ferries, light aircraft, blimps and hot-air balloons; variations on cast disposal: full-body mincing like cattle, dissolution in cauldrons of acid - chorus of autotuned medieval agony; remains pumped, carted, airlifted back in the direction from which the vehicles come. Roar of engine-Doppler in all directions.
'A volcano booms over the spectacle, its flare illuminating the blackened steel rigging of a cavernous warehouse. A billion helium-pitched screams knit into a continuous, wavering ring.
'The warehouse spectacle fizzes grey-white and fades to a purple-and-white text banner:
'YOU ASKED FOR THIS
'DONATE NOW'
'What should they know of England who only England know?'The significance of this is that in stepping away from and back to your instinctive style, you may gain a crisper, more critical appreciation of what your habits actually are, and may return to their exercise with an improved sense of their strengths and avenues for expansion.
You could order the eBook from Amazon, and skip the wait. There's a hardcover and paperback version available too. It's also available from Indiebound, Barnes and Noble, and can be ordered at any local bookstore by ISBN: 978-17358787-0-6 for the hardcover, 978-17358787-2-0 if you prefer paperback.
This article will look at the invisibilization of women from the public space in Jamaat Ahmadiyya’s theology and organizational practice. Before you read this, I would urge you to read Ahmadi womens accounts of their experience within Jamaat on this subreddit. u/_danishgirl10 has a great thread on this. submitted by doublekafir to islam_ahmadiyya [link] [comments] The idea of purda is a central teaching of Jamaat Ahmadiyya. Defending the idea of purda, the Jamaat relies on the notion that purda is equally applicable to men and women. In fact, it is often stated that the injunction for purda in the Quran first addresses men. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad says the following on the matter of purdah: The Book of God does not aim at keeping women in seclusion like prisoners. This is the concept of those who are not acquainted with the correct pattern of Islamic ways. The purpose of these regulations is to restrain men and women from letting their eyes to rove freely and from displaying their good looks and beauties, for therein lies the good both of men and of women. It should be remembered that to restrain one’s looks and to direct them only towards observing that which is permissible is described in Arabic by the expression ghadde basar, which is the expression employed in the Holy Quran in this context. It does not behove a pious person who desires to keep his heart pure that he should lift his eyes freely in every direction like an animal. It is necessary that such a one should cultivate the habit of ghadde basar in his social life. This is a blessed habit through which his natural impulses would be converted into a high moral quality without interfering with his social needs. This is the quality which is called chastity in Islam.(The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam, pp 23-25)Note here that the purpose of purda is seen as equal upon both male and female; it is to prevent free mixing. Apart from the interpretation of purda in the matter of clothing, which obviously disproportionately affects women, I will go on to show how the actual interpretation and implementation of purda by Jamaat Ahmadiyya, burdens women far more than men. It disappears women from the public space. Women are essentially consigned to “women’s jobs”, particularly through Lajna Imaillah and in the private sphere. JOBSFirstly, nobody needs any reminder that Ahmadi women are discouraged from pursuing careers, because women's "primary responsibility" is childbearing and homemaking.The first responsibility is the raising of children. If she is starving then she may work, but she should have enough resolve to go and come straight back from work and also raise her children. If she is working only to earn money to do fashion, then she should leave her job.The clearest articulation of the consequence of this gender role assignment is the following: Women should \"mostly confine themselves to their houses\" (From Alislam: \"Islam on Marital Rights\" by Sheikh Mubarak Ahmad) https://www.alislam.org/library/books/Islam-on-Marital-Rights.pdf Secondly, It is this aversion to women going into the public space which also controls women's choice of career. This conservative interpretation of purda and exposure, puts a disproportionate focus on preventing free mixing and "public exposure" for Ahmadi women, where men are not so restricted. Best careers for Ahmadi women - "According to Islamic teaching, firstly those careers which involve khidmat (service/sacrifice) should be given priority. And the preparation for such professions should be given priority in which the exposure of the women is as little as possible*.* Where public exposure is greater, it is definitely better to avoid such professions. There are lots of professions without exposure. Now there is lady doctor for example; she has no public exposure. She has a limited environment in which there is no question of such filth. Patients are dying, there is happiness, sadness. There, if there is a threat, it is from private gatherings where lady doctors and doctors sit down and gossip, or make plans to go here and there. From there, Ahmadi lady doctors should avoid. Because that is not a professional obligation, it is socialization. Therefore in the medical profession, if you put socialisation to one side, then for the Muslim women it is a position of honour and not one of threat. There are teachers as well. With them, they have such a distance between the teacher and their students, that the temperament of the teacher becomes different. In my view, [in teaching] there is as little exposure as possible compared to others. Thus there as well [teaching], if one wants or needs to choose a career, there is no harm...then after this you have law. In the field of law, there is also capacity for Ahmadi women. Because the kind of exposure a lawyer gets, there is no threat to her honour. In fact, the lawyers take a hawkish attitude. And then there are some firms, where in the office atmosphere, there is work done which is technically highly related to knowledge, and we see little socialisation. In solicitors firms I see no example of socialisation. Then there are some research fields. In this as purely research scholars Ahmadi women can do a lot of work. These professions are highly valued. There are risks in secretarial jobs; that is why i would prefer it the least. Shops are also jobs where relatively exposure is higher and there is less izzat (honour), so they should be avoided except when she needs to. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RbQ2QUlFS5Y&t=12s (for a summary/translation by an Ahmadi, visit https://ahmadianswers.com/marriage-posts/) Mirza Tahir Ahmad Can a Muslim woman join the police force? - "Provided they feel safe. Safe in the sense that we pay a lot of attention, and pay a lot of value to the chastity of ladies. We want them to be kept pure, if this word means anything in the present context, but this is our community, If there are such hazards in any service, police or whatever, where either they are drawn into a wrongful conduct, gradually, through the greater influences of that particular service. Or they face danger from others, like a police constable walking along and she is molested or something, and because she has to keep hours which invite trouble. So in such cases the Ahmadi ladies would much rather not join that force. But no work is prohibited. Nothing which you can call the normal pursuit of life is...blocked out. Anything which belongs to normal pursuit of human activities is also permissible to ladies, but under the principle which I have just dictated” Mirza Tahir Ahmad http://www.askislam.org/society/women/question_811.html Can girls go into the field of “Forensic Sciences”? - "You can go, you can go into anything, there is no harm. Only, do not become an active policeman, policewoman. Going there to do training, there is this that women and men have training together, that is why one should avoid this. Otherwise, there is no harm in studying it.. " Mirza Masroor Ahmad https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KzM1rFXcsw What careers should Waqifat e Nau go into? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cm4asqA8m8 (50:47-52:30)- Huzur-e-Anwar(aba) said he does not approve of the legal field as a profession for Waaqifaat-e Nau. Huzur(aba) directed Waaqifaat-e-Nau that they cannot practice even if they study Law, because there is too much interaction and exposure with men in that field. You also have to deal with thieves and robbers etc. in the courts, whose morals are in fact not good. So leave this job to the men. (11 July 2012 AT BAITUL ISLAM, TORONTO, CANADA WAQIFAAT-E-NAU Class) (https://ahmadianswers.com/wisdom-of-the-khulafa/) Mirza Masroor AhmadAhmadi Imam on women in the public sphere. Ahmadi men are constantly encouraged to play sports. Ahmadi women who have a passion for becoming sportswomen? No. An Ahmadi Muslim world won't be boring because there will be Ahmadi athletes (men only) Men can also apparently go into the performing arts. Women, no: Women can only do \"certain\" types of careers. The principles here are clear. A woman is something which must be kept pure from the outside world. Limiting public exposure and free-mixing is far more expected of Ahmadi women than Ahmadi men. POLITICSThis topic technically comes under jobs, but I am putting it into a separate section because politics is more than just a career. Being a politician, whether national, local or regional, is a central role in democracies. All sections of society should be represented. According to Mirza Masroor Ahmad in this video
In Germany a girl asked me if girls can go into politics or not. The ideas that you have, give them to your men. Don't get directly involved in politics. Mirza Masroor Ahmad https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cm4asqA8m8 (50:47-52:30)In other words, women should provide their talent and their ideas to men. Clearly, Mirza Masroor Ahmad has failed to reflect on the fact that men have not historically done well to represent women and their interests. This is however reflective of Jamaat's current organizational structure. Women do not have any positions (other than limited representation) in the vast Jamaat organization, as you can see here. Note these organizations within Jamaat serve the entire Jamaat and are not limited to men only. Jamaat Ahmadiyya organisational structure Jamaat Events
Lajna: Don't do anything in front of men, for they will surely be enticed by your charms! Even when there are issues concerning both men and women - as recognized by having joint events - only men are allowed to speak. For example, on the vital issue of rishta nata, Jamaat Ahmadiyya USA thought it would be appropriate to exclude women from its rishta nata panel. When challenged on the lack of a female panelist: "The response was that regardless of the validity and sentiment of the question, going the path of gender mingling is against the tenets of the religion, and the religion can not be changed even if people are not happy with it." https://www.reddit.com/islam_ahmadiyya/comments/hgnvww/intermingling_of_genders_and_what_quran_says/Rishta Nata manel. External interfaith/tabligh events are even worse: PURDAH GUIDELINES GIVEN BY HAZRAT KHALIFATUL MASIH V (ABA)http://lajnausa.net/web/webfiles/Huzoor%20(aba)%20guidelines/GUIDELINES%20GIVEN%20BY%20HAZRAT%20KHALIFATUL%20MASIH%20V%20a.pdf PURDAH GUIDELINES GIVEN BY HAZRAT KHALIFATUL MASIH V (ABA) http://lajnausa.net/web/webfiles/Huzoor%20(aba)%20guidelines/GUIDELINES%20GIVEN%20BY%20HAZRAT%20KHALIFATUL%20MASIH%20V%20a.pdf Do Ahmadi women have nothing of worth to contribute in the form of Jalsa speeches to both Ahmadi men and women? Do Ahmadi women have nothing to add to interfaith meetings with both men and women in the audience? Is this spiritual equality? In fact, it seems that non-Ahmadi women have greater right to speak in front of Ahmadi male and female audiences than Ahmadi women. Someone should tell the non-Ahmadi women who speak at Jalsa that if they were to convert, they wouldn't be allowed on stage. Ahmadi men happily sitting in close proximity to and listening to non-Ahmadi women speaking. OTHERAhmadi women are strongly discouraged from posting public photos on social media. Even when Ahmadi women are the ones who do the work, the men take the credit on social media. u/Q_Ahmad pointed this out in a comment:A current example of how ridiculous that is, the Lajna imaillah Germany have made over 70000 masks in the last weeks. Which is amazing, they deserve a ton of credit for that. But publicly there are only pictures of men providing them. If a woman is doing it, she is either out of focus or literally cropped out of the picture.Women make masks - cropped out of the photo. Men hand out masks women made - in the photo. The obsession with reducing women's "public exposure" extends into every aspect of their daily lives. Unlike Ahmadi men, many of whom proudly go to gym, Ahmadi women are not allowed to join mixed gyms. Ahmadi Muslim women should join women-only gyms or health clubs. Wear modest, loose fitting clothing with full-sleeves and a scarf. Dancing in the name of exercise should be avoided - Lajna Ima'illah USA Taleem & Tarbiyyat Workbook 2019 – 2021Finally, I'd like to say that this is all obvious. Growing up as Ahmadis, we all accepted and internalized these rules guiding our behavior, purely on the basis of our gender. The culture of Jamaat is toxified with this extreme desire to limit womens autonomy and public exposure. This culture is exemplified by a recent tweet by an Ahmadi man: https://preview.redd.it/2rmcgxetzyp51.png?width=807&format=png&auto=webp&s=6091ef207e4aef3c6a067b5945884eebaa5100bc In Jamaat Ahmadiyya, even images of women's hands are sexualized and stigmatized. This is why purda is unequal and sexist, in theory, and practice. |
The issue of moral hazard is key to understand-ing several topics, most notably how rms are or-ganized, di erent compensation schemes such as CEO pay, and also many of the monitoring schemes that companies have in place, such as Board of Di-rectors, auditing departments, and more generally accounting and control mechanisms within rms. Moral hazard definition, an insurance company's risk as to the insured's trustworthiness and honesty. See more. Definition: Moral hazard is a situation in which one party gets involved in a risky event knowing that it is protected against the risk and the other party will incur the cost. It arises when both the parties have incomplete information about each other. What is the definition of moral hazard? What is the meaning of moral hazard? How do you use moral hazard in a sentence? What are synonyms for moral hazard? hazard ; jeopardy ; peril ; risk ; endangerment ; (economics) the lack of any incentive to guard against a risk when you are protected against it (as by insurance); "insurance companies are exposed to a moral hazard if the insured party is not honest". Show declension of moral hazard. moral hazard ( usually uncountable; plural moral hazards) noun. Moral Hazard bezeichnet den Anreiz eines feuerversicherten Gebäudeeigentümers, weniger Sorgfalt bei der Schadensvermeidung bzw. -begrenzung aufzuwenden als ein Hausbesitzer ohne Versicherung. Über ähnlich gelagerte Anreize von Krankenversicherten gibt eine umfangreiche Literatur Auskunft. Definition of moral-hazard noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more. Definition of moral hazard in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of moral hazard. What does moral hazard mean? Information and translations of moral hazard in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. moral hazard definition: a situation in which people or organizations do not suffer from the results of their bad decisions…. Learn more. A moral hazard is a risk that an insurance company has that policyholders may not be honest. There is a moral hazard in that, by offering excessive benefits, an incentive to claim could be created. A moral hazard exists when the applicant may either want an outright loss to occur or may have a tendency to be less than careful with property.
[index] [6426] [3552] [9189] [6305] [6108] [5116] [3331] [3610] [9452] [3469]
Moral hazard happens when an agent is given an implicit guarantee of support in the event of making a loss – for example insurance pay-outs or the prospect o... This CF&P Foundation's Economics 101 video discusses the Moral Hazard, which occurs when bad choices are subsidized. This often happens when government inter... Moral hazard is a tendency to be more willing to take a risk, knowing that the potential costs or burdens of taking such risk will be borne, in whole or in p... From Texas Enterprise ( http://texasenterprise.org/series/lingo ): What happens when someone is insulated from the repercussions of their actions and never h... Imagine you take your car in to the shop for routine service and the mechanic says you need a number of repairs. Do you really need them? The mechanic certai... Dieser und ähnliche Slidecasts stehen Ihnen an der FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie und Management in Ihrem Studium zur Verfügung.Bei Interesse erreichen Sie die...
Copyright © 2024 m.gold-sports.site